{"id":4959,"date":"2026-06-27T16:02:57","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T16:02:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/?p=4959"},"modified":"2026-09-29T10:03:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T10:03:12","slug":"ocpp-1-6-vs-ocpp-2-0-1-which-protocol-should-ev-charging-operators-choose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/vi\/ocpp-1-6-vs-ocpp-2-0-1-which-protocol-should-ev-charging-operators-choose\/","title":{"rendered":"OCPP 1.6 so v\u1edbi OCPP 2.0.1: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

So s\u00e1nh OCPP 1.6 v\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1: C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/h2>

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa OCPP 1.6 v\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1 l\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n cho b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh, x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118. OCPP 1.6 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, trong khi OCPP 2.0.1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1eafm thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an ninh m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c, TrendPower gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch OCPP th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb<\/h2>

OCPP 1.6 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eebng t\u1eeb xa, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u01a1, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>

OCPP 2.0.1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Plug & Charge theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118.<\/p>

Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb OCPP 1.6 sang OCPP 2.0.1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn giao th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c AC nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e3i xe, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c nhanh DC tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi CPO \u0111a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>

B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh nhanh<\/h2>
Khu v\u1ef1c<\/th>OCPP 1.6<\/th>OCPP 2.0.1<\/th>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/td>R\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/td>Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/td>OCPP 1.6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u c\u0169; OCPP 2.0.1 th\u00ec s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/td><\/tr>
M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/td>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n<\/td>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/td><\/tr>
B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/td>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<\/td>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/td><\/tr>
S\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh<\/td>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/td>Khung s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n<\/td>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xe, kho b\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/td><\/tr>
Giao d\u1ecbch<\/td>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n<\/td>C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u01a1n<\/td>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/td><\/tr>
S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118<\/td>Ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho quy tr\u00ecnh C\u1eafm v\u00e0 S\u1ea1c.<\/td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118.<\/td>T\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Plug & Charge trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/td><\/tr>
Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/td>H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn OCPP 1.6 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/td>Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 OCPP 2.0.1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/td>Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sau: T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh OCPP c\u1ee7a Open Charge Alliance<\/a>.<\/p>

OCPP 1.6 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

OCPP 1.6 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c giao ti\u1ebfp chung. Thay v\u00ec r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t, OCPP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u1edf h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea1c.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c AC, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, OCPP 1.6 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u1eebng giao d\u1ecbch, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng t\u1eeb xa, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a OCPP 1.6 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng CPMS, nh\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi OCPP 1.6 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n nay k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, an ninh m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Plug & Charge. Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac giao th\u1ee9c c\u0169.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y xem h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a TrendPower v\u1ec1... Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a>.<\/p>

OCPP 2.0.1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>

OCPP 2.0.1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118.<\/p>

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a OCPP 2.0.1. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea1c nhanh DC c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1eeb xa. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m trung chuy\u1ec3n xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a xe v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i.<\/p>

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a OCPP 2.0.1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang giao th\u1ee9c th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea1c (CPMS) ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1m, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng khi so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i, l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. (TrendPower's) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m CPMS d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a> B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>

B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: T\u1ea1i sao OCPP 2.0.1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m?<\/h2>

B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t khi so s\u00e1nh OCPP 1.6 v\u1edbi OCPP 2.0.1.<\/p>

OCPP 1.6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao. Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn an ninh m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>

OCPP 2.0.1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, kho b\u00e3i xe ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 an ninh m\u1ea1ng NIST d\u00e0nh cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c si\u00eau nhanh cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i an ninh m\u1ea1ng \u0111a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>

Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai OCPP 2.0.1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n.<\/p>

S\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/h2>

C\u1ea3 OCPP 1.6 v\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u01b0ng OCPP 2.0.1 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>

S\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 g\u1eedi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c. Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00ed theo nhu c\u1ea7u, \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ed9i xe theo th\u1eddi gian kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c pin v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, OCPP 1.6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111a tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, OCPP 2.0.1 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n.<\/p>

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh (CPMS) v\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec giao th\u1ee9c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c n\u00ean h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh khi b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn, khi xe r\u1eddi \u0111i s\u1edbm, khi tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ea1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ng\u00e0y.<\/p>

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a TrendPower v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh<\/a> Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h2>

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a OCPP 2.0.1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. OCPP 1.6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>

V\u1edbi OCPP 2.0.1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cb\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng\u201d sang m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sai kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? Giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 \u0111ang gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>

M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c (CPMS) hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao th\u1ee9c th\u00f4 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, TrendPower's H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a> B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c OCPP v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, thanh to\u00e1n, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>

Giao d\u1ecbch, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/h2>

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ai \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea1c, khi n\u00e0o phi\u00ean s\u1ea1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p, m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, li\u1ec7u phi\u00ean s\u1ea1c c\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh to\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>

OCPP 2.0.1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u01a1 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>

Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi (CPMS) v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u ph\u00ed, x\u1eed l\u00fd thu\u1ebf, l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng, quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1o bi\u00ean lai, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>

Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 OCPP 2.0.1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu tr\u00ecnh doanh thu. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n, phi\u00ean s\u1ea1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u01a1, \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, bi\u00ean lai, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thanh to\u00e1n, x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thanh to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao th\u1ee9c. (TrendPower's) Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a> Bao g\u1ed3m thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 QR, thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb, thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 v\u00ed, truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb IC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ph\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng.<\/p>

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eafm s\u1ea1c<\/h2>

OCPP 1.6 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh Plug & Charge theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118. OCPP 2.0.1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ISO 15118.<\/p>

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. ISO 15118 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c. OCPP \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c. Plug & Charge y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xe, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, quy tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p S\u1ea1c & C\u1eafm ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m mua s\u1eafm n\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (CPMS), quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, quy tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m S\u1ea1c & C\u1eafm c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n cung c\u1ea5p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, CharIN cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1... Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1eafm v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c<\/a>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a TrendPower v\u1ec1... Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118 C\u1eafm v\u00e0 S\u1ea1c<\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>

Khi OCPP 1.6 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng<\/h2>

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n OCPP 1.6 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao, s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15118 trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c AC \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1eebng t\u1eeb xa, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u01a1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u00e0 theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c OCPP 1.6 tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c (CPMS) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t ch\u00fang. Sau \u0111\u00f3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng OCPP 2.0.1 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c m\u1edbi mua, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c nhanh DC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>

Khi n\u00e0o OCPP 2.0.1 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h2>

OCPP 2.0.1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe, danh m\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u0111a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Plug & Charge.<\/p>

N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>

T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh doanh s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng, thanh to\u00e1n, an ninh m\u1ea1ng, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi OCPP 2.0.1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169.<\/p>

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra xem nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng. Trang ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn OCA OCPP 2.0.1<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb OCPP 1.6 sang OCPP 2.0.1<\/h2>

Vi\u1ec7c di d\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 OCPP 2.0.1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 OCPP 1.6 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf khi h\u1ebft v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng CPMS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xe h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1ea7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Theo d\u00f5i vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh phi\u00ean, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb xa, h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>

N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p: duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c OCPP 1.6, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u OCPP 2.0.1 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n mang th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang, TrendPower cung c\u1ea5p... ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u00e3n tr\u1eafng<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng mang th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean OCPP v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/h2>

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 giao th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. OCPP 2.0.1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>

C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi. Nh\u00f3m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n Plug & Charge ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>

Nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng OCPP 2.0.1. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (CPMS) ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u00ean th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u00f4. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n, giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a trang web ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>

Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean gia: Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/h2>

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cPhi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o m\u1edbi h\u01a1n?\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c AC c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e3i xe c\u00f3 khung gi\u1edd xu\u1ea5t xe c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c nhanh DC v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro thanh to\u00e1n cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xe, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i xe v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, OCPP 2.0.1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, thanh to\u00e1n, quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb xa, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>

Giao th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a TrendPower, vui l\u00f2ng truy c\u1eadp trang web. Trang Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 TrendPower<\/a>.<\/p>

Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua: Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h2>

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa OCPP 1.6 v\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>

  1. Hi\u1ec7n nay OCPP h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o?<\/li>
  2. Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi CPMS ch\u01b0a?<\/li>
  3. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a OCPP 2.0.1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai?<\/li>
  4. C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>
  5. Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>
  6. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>
  7. Li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CPMS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>
  8. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c OCPP 1.6 c\u0169 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i?<\/li>
  9. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i?<\/li>
  10. Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>
  11. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh?<\/li>
  12. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 doanh thu?<\/li><\/ol>

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn OCA<\/a> Khi c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>

    C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa OCPP 1.6 v\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1<\/h2>

    Li\u1ec7u OCPP 2.0.1 lu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n OCPP 1.6?<\/h3>

    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady. OCPP 2.0.1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng OCPP 1.6 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>

    B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c OCPP 1.6 v\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea1c (CPMS) kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

    C\u00f3, n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CPMS h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i xe h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/p>

    Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn OCPP 2.0.1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

    Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c n\u00ean th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kinh doanh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>

    \u201cocpp 2.0 1\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi OCPP 2.0.1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

    Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, \u201cocpp 2.0 1\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a OCPP 2.0.1. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 OCPP 2.0.1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>

    Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mua b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c OCPP 1.6 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>

    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c AC \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, OCPP 1.6 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi, b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe, tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c nhanh DC ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, OCPP 2.0.1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n.<\/p>

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn giao th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/h2>

    OCPP 1.6 v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng OCPP 2.0.1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>

    Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c (CPMS), ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng minh, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>

    N\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi OCPP, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ea1c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c CPMS v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>

    Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n TrendPower<\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 OCPP, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng CPMS, l\u1eadp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam<\/h2>