{"id":5292,"date":"2026-07-28T13:56:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T13:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/?p=5292"},"modified":"2026-09-29T10:02:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T10:02:24","slug":"ev-charging-solution-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-solution-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"EV Charging Solutions Explained: 8 Essential System Layers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tp-top\" class=\"tp-ev-article\">\n<div class=\"tp-article-intro\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-toc\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: bold;\">Quick Answer: What Is an EV Charging Solution?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-article-body\">\n<div class=\"tp-quick-answer\">\n<p>An <strong>EV charging solution<\/strong> is a connected system that combines site electrical infrastructure, EV charger hardware, charger-to-cloud communication, a charge point management system, driver access, pricing and payments, smart energy management, and operational integrations.<\/p>\n<p>The charger delivers electricity to the vehicle. The software and service layers determine how that charger is accessed, monitored, priced, maintained and connected to the wider business.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"key-takeaways-title\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"tp-summary-list\">\n<li><strong>Hardware is one layer<\/strong>: A commercial solution must also manage communication, users, payments, energy and operations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>OCPP needs validation<\/strong>: Protocol support should be tested with the exact charger model, firmware and required functions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Architecture follows the business<\/strong>: Public CPOs, fleets, properties and manufacturers require different workflows and account models.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Billing is not payment<\/strong>: Billing calculates the amount and allocation; payment collects the money through a selected method.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Energy control is site-specific<\/strong>: Load balancing and scheduling must reflect real electrical capacity, tariffs and vehicle priorities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exit planning matters<\/strong>: Data export, charger redirection and migration responsibilities should be defined before signing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"why-architecture-title\">Why EV Charging Solution Architecture Matters<\/h2>\n<p>Public charging infrastructure continues to expand. The International Energy Agency reported that nearly 1.8 million public charging points were added worldwide in 2025, taking the global stock above 7 million. That growth increases the need for systems that can manage devices, users, electricity, money and service operations at scale. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2026\/electric-vehicle-charging-chap-6-and-10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See the IEA Global EV Outlook 2026 charging analysis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A standalone charger may complete a charging session. A commercial network must also answer a much broader set of questions:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tp-checklist\">\n<li>Who can use each charger?<\/li>\n<li>How is the charging price calculated?<\/li>\n<li>How is site power shared safely?<\/li>\n<li>What happens when a charger goes offline?<\/li>\n<li>Who receives the charging revenue?<\/li>\n<li>Can operational data enter finance or fleet systems?<\/li>\n<li>Can another charger brand be added later?<\/li>\n<li>Can the network migrate to another backend?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"tp-callout tp-warning\">\n<h3>Architecture is not a substitute for electrical engineering<\/h3>\n<p>Software can optimize power allocation and operational workflows, but the electrical design, protection system, permitting and installation must still be completed or reviewed by qualified professionals under the rules of the target market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"definition-title\">EV Charging Solutions, EV Charger Solutions and EV Software: What Is the Difference?<\/h2>\n<p>Searchers use terms such as <strong>EV charging solutions<\/strong>, <strong>EV charge solutions<\/strong>, <strong>EV charger solutions<\/strong>, <strong>electric car charging solutions<\/strong> and <strong>electric vehicle charging solutions<\/strong>. In business discussions, those phrases often describe the same wider ecosystem. The individual components, however, are not interchangeable.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Term<\/th>\n<th>Practical meaning<\/th>\n<th>Main buying question<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>EV charger \/ EVSE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>The physical equipment that supplies AC or DC power to the vehicle.<\/td>\n<td>Does the hardware fit the site, vehicle, connector and certification requirements?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>EV charging software<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>The digital layer used to monitor chargers, manage sessions, users, pricing and reports.<\/td>\n<td>Can the platform operate the required chargers and business workflows?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>CPMS \/ CSMS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>The central system that communicates with charging stations and coordinates network operations.<\/td>\n<td>Does it provide reliable device control, account hierarchy, billing and integrations?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Smart charging<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>The adjustment of charging power or schedules based on capacity, tariffs, priorities or energy availability.<\/td>\n<td>Can the system apply the right energy rules at this site?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>EV charging solution<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>The complete combination of electrical infrastructure, hardware, software, connectivity, payments, energy control and services.<\/td>\n<td>Do all layers work together under clear operational responsibility?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>EV solutions<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>A broader category that may also include vehicles, batteries, fleet tools, energy storage and mobility services.<\/td>\n<td>Which part of the wider EV ecosystem is actually in scope?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>For a focused explanation of the digital layer, read TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/what-is-ev-charging-software\/\">guide to EV charging software<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"eight-layers-title\">The Eight Layers of a Complete EV Charging Solution<\/h2>\n<p>Use the architecture map below to jump to the layer most relevant to your project.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-layer-index\">\n<p><strong>Jump to one of the eight architecture layers:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-1\">Site power and electrical infrastructure<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-2\">EV charger hardware<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-3\">Connectivity and OCPP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-4\">CPMS \/ CSMS platform<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-5\">Driver identity and access<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-6\">Pricing, billing and payments<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-7\">Smart charging and energy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#layer-8\">Operations and integrations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-table-wrap tp-architecture-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Layer<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">System component<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Primary role<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">1<\/th>\n<td>Grid, solar, storage and site electrical infrastructure<\/td>\n<td>Available power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">2<\/th>\n<td>AC and DC EV charger hardware<\/td>\n<td>Energy delivery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">3<\/th>\n<td>Connectivity and OCPP communication<\/td>\n<td>Device messages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">4<\/th>\n<td>CPMS \/ CSMS operational platform<\/td>\n<td>Central control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">5<\/th>\n<td>Driver application, RFID, QR, cards and Plug &amp; Charge<\/td>\n<td>Access<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">6<\/th>\n<td>Tariffs, billing, payment and settlement<\/td>\n<td>Commercial flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">7<\/th>\n<td>Load balancing, scheduling and energy optimization<\/td>\n<td>Power control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">8<\/th>\n<td>O&amp;M, APIs, ERP, CRM, parking, fleet and analytics<\/td>\n<td>Business integration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"tp-caption\">Original architecture model: each layer has its own responsibilities, but a reliable charging service depends on the interfaces between the layers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-1\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-1-title\">1. Site Power and Electrical Infrastructure<\/h2>\n<p>Every electric vehicle charging solution begins with the physical site. This layer can include the utility connection, transformers, switchgear, distribution panels, cabling, protective devices, metering, civil work, communications infrastructure, solar generation and battery storage.<\/p>\n<p>The available electrical capacity determines how many chargers can operate simultaneously and at what power. Installing ten chargers does not necessarily mean the site can run all ten at their maximum rating at the same time.<\/p>\n<h3>Site questions to resolve before selecting software<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>What power is available today, and what expansion is realistic?<\/li>\n<li>Will the project use AC charging, DC charging or both?<\/li>\n<li>What are the expected arrival patterns and vehicle dwell times?<\/li>\n<li>Does the electricity tariff include time-of-use or demand components?<\/li>\n<li>Will chargers share capacity with a building or industrial load?<\/li>\n<li>Are solar generation or battery storage part of the project?<\/li>\n<li>Which meters and controllers can exchange data with the charging platform?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s Alternative Fuels Data Center recommends considering procurement, installation, operating costs and maintenance as connected parts of charging-infrastructure planning. <a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/fuels\/electricity-infrastructure-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Review the AFDC procurement and installation guidance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-2\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-2-title\">2. EV Charger Hardware<\/h2>\n<p>The hardware layer includes AC chargers, DC fast chargers, power modules, connectors, displays, card readers, communication controllers and embedded firmware. The most powerful charger is not automatically the right charger for every location.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-card-grid\">\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Workplaces and apartments<\/h3>\n<p>Longer dwell times may make networked AC chargers practical, especially when multiple connectors share a limited site connection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Highway and opportunity charging<\/h3>\n<p>Short dwell times normally place more emphasis on DC power, payment access, thermal performance and service response.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Fleet depots<\/h3>\n<p>The correct hardware mix depends on departure schedules, daily energy demand, route risk and the consequences of a vehicle missing its dispatch window.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Charger manufacturers<\/h3>\n<p>Hardware brands also need provisioning, remote service visibility, backend compatibility and a software model that works for distributors and customers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Questions to ask an electric car charger manufacturer<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Which charger model and firmware version will be delivered?<\/li>\n<li>Which OCPP version, transport method and functional profiles are supported?<\/li>\n<li>Can the owner change the backend connection settings?<\/li>\n<li>How does the charger behave when network connectivity is lost?<\/li>\n<li>Which remote commands, diagnostics and firmware workflows are available?<\/li>\n<li>Which market certifications and metering requirements apply?<\/li>\n<li>Who holds spare parts, performs field service and accepts escalation responsibility?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Charger brands planning to package hardware with software can review TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-software-for-charger-manufacturers\/\">EV charging software guide for charger manufacturers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-3\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-3-title\">3. Connectivity and OCPP Communication<\/h2>\n<p>A networked charger requires a communication path to the management platform. Depending on the site, connectivity may use Ethernet, Wi-Fi, cellular service, a private network, a local gateway or a combination of primary and backup routes.<\/p>\n<p>The charger then exchanges operational messages with the backend. These can include registration, connector status, authorization requests, transaction events, meter values, fault data, charging profiles and remote commands.<\/p>\n<h3>Where OCPP fits<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/openchargealliance.org\/protocols\/open-charge-point-protocol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Charge Point Protocol<\/a> is maintained by the Open Charge Alliance for communication between charging stations and charging management systems. OCPP 1.6 remains common in deployed networks, while OCPP 2.0.1 and OCPP 2.1 provide a broader roadmap for functions such as security, device management and smart charging. OCPP 2.1 was released in 2025 and was later published by the IEC as IEC 63584-210:2025.<\/p>\n<p>For a focused commercial explanation, read TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ocpp-ev-charging-software\/\">OCPP EV charging software guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-callout tp-warning\">\n<h3>OCPP support does not equal automatic interoperability<\/h3>\n<p>Two products can support the same protocol version and still differ in optional functions, vendor extensions, offline behavior, meter reporting, error interpretation and firmware implementation. Validate the exact charger model, firmware and use case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Test area<\/th>\n<th>What to verify<\/th>\n<th>Evidence to retain<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Connection<\/td>\n<td>The charger registers, remains online and reconnects correctly.<\/td>\n<td>Connection log and reconnect test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Status<\/td>\n<td>Connector states and availability are mapped correctly in the CPMS.<\/td>\n<td>State-transition test record<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Authorization<\/td>\n<td>Valid, invalid, expired and offline credentials behave as designed.<\/td>\n<td>Authorization scenarios<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Transactions<\/td>\n<td>Remote and local starts\/stops produce complete charging records.<\/td>\n<td>Matched charger and backend records<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Meter data<\/td>\n<td>Energy values, units and reporting frequency are consistent.<\/td>\n<td>Meter comparison<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Faults<\/td>\n<td>Errors reach the platform with useful diagnostic context.<\/td>\n<td>Fault injection or controlled test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Offline behavior<\/td>\n<td>Defined local functions continue and later synchronize correctly.<\/td>\n<td>Connectivity-loss test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Smart charging<\/td>\n<td>Charging profiles are accepted, applied and reported correctly.<\/td>\n<td>Power-profile test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Firmware<\/td>\n<td>An approved firmware change does not break required functions.<\/td>\n<td>Regression test report<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-4\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-4-title\">4. Charge Point Management System<\/h2>\n<p>The <abbr title=\"Charge Point Management System\">CPMS<\/abbr>, also called a <abbr title=\"Charging Station Management System\">CSMS<\/abbr> or charging backend, is the central control layer of commercial EV charging architecture. It connects chargers with users, tariffs, payments, support teams, energy rules and operational data.<\/p>\n<h3>Core platform capabilities<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tp-checklist\">\n<li>Real-time charger and connector status<\/li>\n<li>Remote start, stop, reset and unlock<\/li>\n<li>Site, charger and connector configuration<\/li>\n<li>User, vehicle, token and account management<\/li>\n<li>Tariffs, sessions, invoices and payment links<\/li>\n<li>Alerts, diagnostics and maintenance history<\/li>\n<li>Energy, utilization and revenue reporting<\/li>\n<li>APIs, webhooks and third-party integrations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-point-management-systems\/\">EV charging point management system<\/a> page explains the operator, partner, site-host, service-provider and driver roles that may exist in a commercial platform.<\/p>\n<h3>The account hierarchy can become an architectural constraint<\/h3>\n<p>A single-site project may only need an administrator and several drivers. A multi-country network may need separate permissions for the platform owner, country operator, distributor, site owner, maintenance provider, fleet customer and end user.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-source-note\">\n<h3>Example hierarchy<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Platform owner \u2192 regional operator \u2192 distributor or partner \u2192 site owner \u2192 station \u2192 charger \u2192 connector<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Before procurement, map who can view data, set prices, issue refunds, assign maintenance and receive revenue at each level.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-5\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-5-title\">5. Driver Identity and Charging Access<\/h2>\n<p>The access layer determines who may use a charger and how a session begins. Common methods include a mobile app, web application, QR code, RFID card, payment terminal, vehicle identifier, license-plate recognition, administrator control and Plug &amp; Charge.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Access method<\/th>\n<th>Common fit<\/th>\n<th>Design consideration<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Mobile app<\/td>\n<td>Public and member networks<\/td>\n<td>Account creation, live status, payment, receipts and support<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Web \/ QR charging<\/td>\n<td>Guest and occasional users<\/td>\n<td>Low-friction flow, clear pricing and payment recovery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RFID<\/td>\n<td>Fleets, workplaces, residents and members<\/td>\n<td>Token lifecycle, offline authorization and lost-card control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Payment terminal<\/td>\n<td>Public charging<\/td>\n<td>Hardware integration, local rules, transaction support and maintenance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vehicle identity<\/td>\n<td>Fleet depots<\/td>\n<td>Reliable mapping between vehicle, driver, route and cost center<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Plug &amp; Charge<\/td>\n<td>Compatible vehicles and charging ecosystems<\/td>\n<td>ISO 15118 support, certificates, PKI and stakeholder interoperability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Plug &amp; Charge is an ecosystem, not one checkbox<\/h3>\n<p>CharIN explains that Plug &amp; Charge enables automated communication and billing between the vehicle and charging station without requiring an external identifier such as an RFID card, payment card or app. Its interfaces are defined through ISO 15118, and deployment can also require certificate and public-key-infrastructure coordination. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.charin.global\/technology\/plug-charge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read the official CharIN Plug &amp; Charge overview<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-6\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-6-title\">6. Pricing, Billing, Payments and Settlement<\/h2>\n<p>These terms are related, but they describe different parts of the commercial workflow.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-card-grid\">\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Pricing<\/h3>\n<p>Defines the tariff: energy, time, session start, idle, parking, membership, time-of-use or contract rules.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Billing<\/h3>\n<p>Calculates the charge using session data, the tariff, tax rules, discounts and account conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Payment<\/h3>\n<p>Collects money through cards, wallets, QR payments, stored balance, bank transfer or monthly invoicing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-card\">\n<h3>Settlement<\/h3>\n<p>Allocates revenue and financial records among the operator, site host, fleet, partner or other parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-billing-software\/\">EV charging billing software guide<\/a> explains tariffs, invoices and revenue sharing. The separate <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-payment-solution-guide\/\">EV charging payment solution guide<\/a> covers driver payments, transaction processing and financial workflows.<\/p>\n<h3>Local market requirements must be designed into the flow<\/h3>\n<p>Payment preferences, currencies, taxes, invoice rules, refund processes, card-terminal requirements and price-display obligations differ by market. For example, the European Union\u2019s Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation includes provisions on payment options, user friendliness and price transparency at publicly accessible charging points. <a href=\"https:\/\/transport.ec.europa.eu\/transport-themes\/clean-transport\/alternative-fuels-sustainable-mobility-europe\/alternative-fuels-infrastructure_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Review the European Commission\u2019s AFIR overview<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-7\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-7-title\">7. Smart Charging and Energy Management<\/h2>\n<p>Smart charging adjusts charging power or schedules according to site limits, vehicle priorities, electricity prices, renewable generation, storage conditions or grid signals. The design should start with the operational objective\u2014not with a generic feature name.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Method<\/th>\n<th>What it does<\/th>\n<th>Typical use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Static allocation<\/td>\n<td>Assigns a predefined maximum power to chargers or groups.<\/td>\n<td>Simple sites with predictable limits<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dynamic load balancing<\/td>\n<td>Adjusts charger output as building or site demand changes.<\/td>\n<td>Apartments, offices, malls and depots<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scheduled charging<\/td>\n<td>Moves charging into defined time windows.<\/td>\n<td>Time-of-use tariffs and overnight fleets<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Priority charging<\/td>\n<td>Allocates more power to selected vehicles, users or departures.<\/td>\n<td>Fleet readiness and service-level tiers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PV and storage coordination<\/td>\n<td>Coordinates grid power, solar, battery storage and EV charging.<\/td>\n<td>Energy-constrained or low-carbon sites<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>For a deeper technical and commercial explanation, see TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-load-balancing-software-guide\/\">EV charging load balancing software guide<\/a>. Projects combining renewable generation and storage can also review the <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/pv-ess-charging-solution\/\">PV-ESS-Charging solution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-callout\">\n<h3>A practical fleet question<\/h3>\n<p>A fleet charging system should not only ask, \u201cHow much power can each charger deliver?\u201d It should also ask, \u201cWill every required vehicle receive enough energy before its departure time without exceeding the site limit?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"layer-8\">\n<h2 id=\"layer-8-title\">8. Operations, Maintenance, Data and Business Integrations<\/h2>\n<p>The final layer connects charging infrastructure with daily business operations. A CPMS rarely operates as an isolated system once a network reaches commercial scale.<\/p>\n<h3>Common integration targets<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"tp-checklist\">\n<li>Payment gateways and finance systems<\/li>\n<li>ERP and accounting platforms<\/li>\n<li>CRM and customer-support tools<\/li>\n<li>Parking and property-management systems<\/li>\n<li>Fleet, vehicle and route-management platforms<\/li>\n<li>Energy management and building systems<\/li>\n<li>Roaming and mobility-service platforms<\/li>\n<li>Data warehouses and BI tools<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-api-integration-guide\/\">EV charging API integration guide<\/a> explains how APIs and webhooks connect the CPMS with payment, parking, ERP and fleet systems.<\/p>\n<h3>Maintenance should be a closed operational loop<\/h3>\n<ol class=\"tp-process\">\n<li><strong>Detect<\/strong>: The platform receives an error, status change or performance anomaly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classify<\/strong>: The system or support team determines severity, affected service and probable cause.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Resolve remotely<\/strong>: Authorized staff review logs, reset the device or change configuration where appropriate.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escalate<\/strong>: A field-service task is assigned with charger, site, fault and warranty information.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Verify<\/strong>: The charger is tested after repair and confirmed operational.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Learn<\/strong>: Downtime, repeat faults and component trends enter operational reporting.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The AFDC notes that charging infrastructure can require periodic inspection, troubleshooting and repair even when routine maintenance is limited. <a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/fuels\/electricity-infrastructure-maintenance-and-operation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See the official operation and maintenance guidance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"session-flow-title\">How the Eight Layers Work Together During a Charging Session<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"tp-process\">\n<li><strong>The driver requests access<\/strong>: An app, QR code, RFID card, payment terminal or vehicle credential identifies the user or transaction.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The charger requests authorization<\/strong>: The charging station communicates with the CPMS through OCPP or another supported interface.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The platform applies business rules<\/strong>: The system checks access rights, payment status, site policy and the applicable tariff.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The session begins<\/strong>: The charger starts delivering energy and reports status and meter data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Energy is controlled<\/strong>: The load-management layer can adjust output according to site capacity and charging priorities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The transaction is monitored<\/strong>: The CPMS receives operational events, meter values and fault information.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The final amount is calculated<\/strong>: The billing engine combines session data with tariff and account rules.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Payment and settlement are processed<\/strong>: Money is collected and recorded, then allocated according to the commercial model.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data is distributed<\/strong>: Charging, finance, fleet, parking or maintenance records enter connected business systems.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This end-to-end flow explains why modern <strong>electric car charging solutions<\/strong> should be evaluated as connected systems rather than as isolated hardware purchases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"business-model-title\">Choose an EV Charging Architecture by Business Model<\/h2>\n<p>Open the use case that most closely matches your project.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-fit-grid\">\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Public charging network \/ CPO<\/h3>\n<p>Prioritize guest access, payments, flexible tariffs, charger status, remote maintenance, driver support, roaming, partner settlement and multi-site reporting. Read the existing <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/smart-ev-charging-solutions-guide\/\">smart EV charging solutions guide for network operators<\/a> for the operational perspective.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Fleet or depot charging<\/h3>\n<p>Prioritize vehicle readiness, departure schedules, charging priorities, depot power limits, cost-center allocation, fleet-system integration and exception handling. The central KPI is whether required vehicles are ready when operations need them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Commercial property or shared parking<\/h3>\n<p>Prioritize tenant, guest or employee access; parking integration; member pricing; vouchers; revenue sharing; building-load coordination and site-level reporting. For residential properties, see TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-software-apartments-condominiums\/\">apartment and condominium charging software guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Charger manufacturer \/ OEM<\/h3>\n<p>Prioritize factory provisioning, remote diagnostics, firmware visibility, distributor roles, branded apps, customer portals, multi-market localization, private deployment and compatibility with customer backends.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Energy company or PV-ESS project<\/h3>\n<p>Prioritize power forecasting, site limits, demand control, solar and storage coordination, energy-system interfaces and the commercial value of flexible charging.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>White-label charging service<\/h3>\n<p>Prioritize brand control, app and portal configuration, domain and communication ownership, payment localization, support workflows and a clear route from standard configuration to custom development. See TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/white-label-ev-charging-software-for-operators\/\">white-label EV charging software<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"deployment-title\">Cloud, Private Cloud or On-Premise?<\/h2>\n<p>The deployment model affects data governance, release control, integration design, infrastructure responsibility and disaster recovery.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Deployment model<\/th>\n<th>Often suited to<\/th>\n<th>Main trade-off to evaluate<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Managed public cloud<\/td>\n<td>Faster launch and standardized operating models<\/td>\n<td>Less direct control over the hosting environment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Private cloud<\/td>\n<td>Enterprise, country-specific or customer-dedicated environments<\/td>\n<td>More setup, governance and upgrade coordination<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>On-premise<\/td>\n<td>Strict internal hosting, integration or security requirements<\/td>\n<td>Greater infrastructure and maintenance responsibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hybrid<\/td>\n<td>Projects combining centralized services with local or edge functions<\/td>\n<td>More interfaces and architectural complexity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Use TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-software-deployment\/\">EV charging software deployment comparison<\/a> to examine cloud, private-cloud and on-premise options in more detail.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"procurement-title\">EV Charging Solution Procurement Matrix<\/h2>\n<p>Ask each shortlisted provider for evidence\u2014not only a feature list.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tp-table-wrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Procurement area<\/th>\n<th>Evidence to request<\/th>\n<th>Why it matters<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hardware compatibility<\/td>\n<td>Tested charger models, firmware and required functions<\/td>\n<td>Reduces integration risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Protocol support<\/td>\n<td>OCPP version, profiles, certification and test logs<\/td>\n<td>Separates marketing claims from implemented behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CPMS operations<\/td>\n<td>Live charger demonstration, alarms and remote commands<\/td>\n<td>Shows real operating capability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Driver access<\/td>\n<td>App, web, QR, RFID, card and offline workflows<\/td>\n<td>Ensures the access model fits real users<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Billing and payments<\/td>\n<td>End-to-end tariff, invoice, refund and settlement examples<\/td>\n<td>Validates the commercial flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Energy management<\/td>\n<td>Site-limit, priority and load-balancing demonstration<\/td>\n<td>Protects capacity and vehicle readiness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reporting<\/td>\n<td>Operational, financial, energy and uptime reports<\/td>\n<td>Supports decision-making and accountability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>APIs<\/td>\n<td>Documentation, authentication, webhooks and sandbox access<\/td>\n<td>Determines integration feasibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Security<\/td>\n<td>Access controls, encryption, logging and update process<\/td>\n<td>Clarifies technical governance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Data ownership<\/td>\n<td>Export formats, retention rules and contractual rights<\/td>\n<td>Protects operational continuity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maintenance<\/td>\n<td>Alert, ticket, response-time and escalation workflow<\/td>\n<td>Connects software with real repair responsibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Deployment<\/td>\n<td>Architecture diagram and responsibility matrix<\/td>\n<td>Prevents hidden hosting and support assumptions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Migration<\/td>\n<td>Charger redirection, data export and transition process<\/td>\n<td>Reduces long-term lock-in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"warning-signs-title\">Warning Signs When Comparing EV Charging Solutions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tp-callout tp-risk\">\n<ul>\n<li>The provider claims OCPP support but cannot name tested models, firmware or functions.<\/li>\n<li>A complete charging, billing and payment transaction cannot be demonstrated.<\/li>\n<li>Operational data cannot be exported in a usable format.<\/li>\n<li>The charger is permanently restricted to one proprietary backend.<\/li>\n<li>Offline authorization and transaction recovery are not clearly defined.<\/li>\n<li>No party accepts responsibility for field maintenance and escalation.<\/li>\n<li>The account model cannot represent distributors, site hosts or enterprise customers.<\/li>\n<li>The contract does not explain termination, charger redirection or data migration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The best platform is not necessarily the one with the longest feature list. It is the one whose architecture, implementation evidence and support model fit the actual charging business.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"trendpower-title\">How TrendPower Supports Complete EV Charging Solutions<\/h2>\n<p>TrendPower provides EV charging management technology for charge point operators, charger manufacturers, fleets, property businesses and energy-related projects. Depending on project scope, the platform can support:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tp-checklist\">\n<li>OCPP-compatible charger integration<\/li>\n<li>Centralized CPMS operations<\/li>\n<li>Multi-site and multi-level account management<\/li>\n<li>Tariffs, billing and payment integration<\/li>\n<li>White-label web and mobile experiences<\/li>\n<li>Load management and energy integration<\/li>\n<li>Cloud, private-cloud and on-premise deployment<\/li>\n<li>APIs and customized operating workflows<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Projects that need more than a standard configuration can review TrendPower\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/custom-ev-charging-software-solution\/\">custom EV charging software solution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-cta\">\n<p class=\"tp-back-link\"><a href=\"#tp-top\">Back to top \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cta-title\">Map Your EV Charging Architecture Before You Commit<\/h2>\n<p>Share your charger models, target countries, user types, payment methods, site-power constraints and integration requirements. TrendPower can help identify which architecture layers require standard configuration, integration testing or custom development.<\/p>\n<p class=\"tp-cta-links\"><a class=\"tp-cta-link tp-primary-link\" href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/contact\/\">Request a Project Consultation<\/a><br \/>\n<a class=\"tp-cta-link\" href=\"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/ev-charging-software-faqs\/\">Review Technical FAQs<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-faq\">\n<p class=\"tp-back-link\"><a href=\"#tp-top\">Back to top \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq-title\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>What is included in a complete EV charging solution?<\/h3>\n<p>A complete EV charging solution includes site electrical infrastructure, charging hardware, network connectivity, a CPMS or CSMS, user access, pricing, billing, payments, smart energy management, maintenance tools, reporting and business-system integrations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Are EV charge solutions and EV charging solutions the same?<\/h3>\n<p>The phrases are generally used interchangeably. \u201cEV charging solutions\u201d is the more common expression, while \u201cEV charge solutions\u201d is a shorter variation. In commercial projects, both normally describe more than hardware alone.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>What is the difference between EV charger solutions and EV charging software?<\/h3>\n<p>EV charger solutions may refer to the charging equipment or a package centered on that equipment. EV charging software is specifically the digital layer used to monitor chargers, control sessions, manage users, configure prices, process transactions and report performance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Can one platform manage chargers from different manufacturers?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. A hardware-agnostic CPMS can manage compatible chargers from different manufacturers, commonly through OCPP. Each charger model, firmware version and required function should still be tested before large-scale deployment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Is OCPP required for every EV charging solution?<\/h3>\n<p>No. A private or standalone charger can operate without OCPP. The protocol becomes particularly valuable when a commercial network needs centralized control, backend flexibility or chargers from multiple manufacturers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>What should electric car charger manufacturers look for in a software partner?<\/h3>\n<p>Manufacturers should evaluate device provisioning, real charger integration, remote diagnostics, firmware visibility, distributor accounts, branded applications, localization, deployment flexibility and support for customers that use other backends.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>Can electric vehicle charging solutions integrate with solar and battery storage?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. A suitable energy-management architecture can coordinate grid electricity, solar generation, battery storage, building demand and EV charging. The available control depends on the chargers, meters, energy controller, communication interfaces and software.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>How should a buyer compare EV charging solution providers?<\/h3>\n<p>Compare tested charger compatibility, OCPP implementation, operational workflows, payment and billing support, load management, data ownership, APIs, deployment, maintenance responsibility, migration planning and evidence from a live end-to-end demonstration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-expand-section\">\n<h3>How much does an EV charging solution cost?<\/h3>\n<p>Cost depends on charger type and quantity, site electrical work, software modules, payment integrations, OCPP testing, branding, energy management, deployment, customization and support. Buyers should compare total lifecycle cost rather than only the hardware price or monthly subscription.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-source-note\">\n<h2 id=\"sources-title\">Primary Industry References<\/h2>\n<p>This article uses first-party industry and government sources for market data, protocols, charging access, regulation and maintenance guidance.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tp-reference-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2026\/electric-vehicle-charging-chap-6-and-10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Energy Agency: Global EV Outlook 2026<\/a><small>Global charging-infrastructure data and analysis<\/small><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/openchargealliance.org\/protocols\/open-charge-point-protocol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Charge Alliance: OCPP overview<\/a><small>Official protocol information and current versions<\/small><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.charin.global\/technology\/plug-charge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CharIN: Plug &amp; Charge<\/a><small>ISO 15118, authentication and PKI context<\/small><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/fuels\/electricity-infrastructure-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. AFDC: Procurement and installation<\/a><small>Charging-infrastructure planning considerations<\/small><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/fuels\/electricity-infrastructure-maintenance-and-operation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. AFDC: Operation and maintenance<\/a><small>Maintenance responsibility and repair considerations<\/small><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/transport.ec.europa.eu\/transport-themes\/clean-transport\/alternative-fuels-sustainable-mobility-europe\/alternative-fuels-infrastructure_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">European Commission: AFIR overview<\/a><small>Payment, usability and price-transparency context<\/small><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tp-author-box\">\n<div><!-- REPLACE THE TWO PLACEHOLDERS BELOW BEFORE PUBLISHING --><strong>Written by Alex<\/strong><br \/>\n<small>EV Charging Technology Specialist at TrendPower<\/small><\/div>\n<div><strong>Technically reviewed by Mr.Wang<\/strong><br \/>\n<small>OCPP Integration Engineer \/ Charging Platform Product Lead<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quick Answer: What Is an EV Charging Solution? An EV charging solution is a connected system that combines site electrical [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-categorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5292"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5298,"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5292\/revisions\/5298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendpowercharge.com\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}